Ka mānoanoa o ka pā o API 5L X52 paipu hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka nui o ka paipu nominal (NPS) a me nā koi kikoʻī o ka noi a i ʻole ka papahana. Hōʻike ka API 5L i nā mānoanoa pā like ʻole no nā paipu X52, i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā papahana."
Eia kekahi mau mānoanoa pā maʻamau no nā paipu API 5L X52 e like me ka papa kuhikuhi paipu maʻamau:
Hōʻike 10 (Sch 10): ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka mānoanoa o ka pā o kēia papahana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o ka pā no nā paipu X52 ma lalo o ka Hōʻike 10 ma muli o ka nui o ka NPS akā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi.
Hōʻike 20 (Sch 20): E like me Sch 10, ʻo Sch 20 paipu he māmā ka mānoanoa o ka paia, kūpono no nā noi me nā koi koi haʻahaʻa.
Hōʻike 30 (Sch 30): ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā paipu Sch 30 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Sch 10 a me Sch 20, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.
Hōʻike 40 (Sch 40): ʻO kēia kekahi o nā papa hana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā paipu API 5L X52. ʻO nā paipu Sch 40 he mānoanoa pā maʻalahi, e hāʻawi ana i ke kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o ka ikaika a me ka uku-pono.
Hōʻike 60 (Sch 60): ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā paipu Sch 60 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Sch 40, e hāʻawi ana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical.
Hōʻike 80 (Sch 80): ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pā o nā paipu Sch 80 ma mua o nā papa haʻahaʻa, kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho pono.
Hōʻike 100 (Sch 100) a ma luna aʻe: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau papa hana no nā paipu X52 e koi ana i nā paia mānoanoa e kū i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā koi o ka papahana.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka mānoanoa o ka pā o nā paipu API 5L X52 hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia ma mua o nā papa hana maʻamau e hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī o ka papahana. Ke koho ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā kūpono no kāu noi, e noʻonoʻo i nā mea e like me nā helu kaomi, nā koi wela, nā waiwai wai, a me nā noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana. Hiki i ke kūkākūkā me ka ʻenekinia kūpono a i ʻole ka mea loea paipu ke kōkua i ke koho pololei ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia paipu X52 no kāu papahana.
API 5L maʻamau no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā
Hāʻawi ka American Petroleum Institute (API) Specification 5L i nā alakaʻi a me nā koi no ka hana ʻana i ka paipu API i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawe ʻana i nā hydrocarbons a me nā wai ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea. Hōʻike kēia maʻamau i nā koi o ka mānoanoa o ka pā no nā nui paipu like ʻole a me nā māka, me API 5L X52 paipu.
ʻO ka API 5L maʻamau ka wehewehe ʻana i kekahi mau koho mānoanoa o ka pā, i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia he papa paipu. ʻO kēia mau papa hana he mau helu helu maʻamau e pili ana i nā mānoanoa pā kūikawā no ka nui o ka paipu nominal (NPS) a me ke anawaena waho (OD). ʻO nā papa hana maʻamau ka Hōʻike 40, Hōʻike 80, a me ka Hōʻike 160, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No kēlā me kēia hui NPS a me OD, hāʻawi ʻo API 5L i kahi papaʻaina me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa o ka paia no nā papa paipu like ʻole. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau mānoanoa liʻiliʻi ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka ikaika o ka paipu, ke kaomi hana i manaʻo ʻia, a me nā mea palekana.
ʻO ke ahonui o ka pā
ʻOiai ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo API 5L i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i koi ʻia no ka nui o ka paipu i hāʻawi ʻia a me ka papa manawa, hoʻokumu pū ia i nā ʻae ʻana i ka helu no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻokoʻa. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma ke ʻano he pākēneka a i ʻole ka waiwai maoli, ma muli o ka nui o ka paipu a me ka mānoanoa o ka pā.
No ka laʻana, hiki i ka API 5L ke kuhikuhi i ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ±12.5% no nā paipu me ka mānoanoa o ka pā a hiki i 0.500 iniha (12.7 mm), a me ka ʻae ʻana o ± 0.062 iniha (1.57 mm) no nā paipu me ka mānoanoa pā i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.500. iniha (12.7 mm).
He mea koʻikoʻi ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau ʻae ʻana i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai a hoʻokomo i nā ʻōnaehana pipeline, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻokoʻa mai ka mānoanoa o ka paia i ka hana o ka paipu, nā helu kaomi, a me ka launa pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ke koho ʻana i kahi mānoanoa o ka pā kūpono
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mānoanoa pā kūpono no API 5L X52 paipu e pili ana i ka noonoo ana i kekahi mau kumu, e like me:
a. ʻO ke kaomi hana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana i nā paia paipu mānoanoa e pale aku i nā koʻikoʻi o loko a e hōʻoia i ka pololei o ke kūkulu ʻana.
b. ʻO ke anawaena paipu: ʻO nā anawaena paipu nui aʻe e koi i nā pā mānoanoa e mālama i ka helu kaomi a me ka ikaika like me nā paipu anawaena liʻiliʻi.
c. Waiwai Waiwai: ʻO ka mānoanoa, corrosiveness, a me ka mahana o ka wai i lawe ʻia e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i koi ʻia no ka hana palekana a hilinaʻi.
d. Nā Haawe o waho: Hiki i nā mea e like me ke kūlana lepo, ka ukana kaʻa, a me nā mea kaiapuni (e laʻa, ka hana seismic, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana) hiki ke hoʻopili i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i koi ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka ukana o waho.
e. Kaʻa kaʻa a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana: Hiki i nā paia paipu mānoanoa ke hoʻonui i ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa a me nā koi i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ke kau ʻana.
f. Ke kumu kūʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana: ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā mānoanoa ka hopena i nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, no laila pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi ʻenehana a me ka mālama pono ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai.
ʻO ka mana o ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma ka hana ʻana o ka paipu
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu API 5L X52 i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa a me ka palekana o ka pipeline. ʻO kekahi mau mea nui i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mānoanoa o ka pā:
a. Paʻi Paʻi: ʻO ka mānoanoa pā mānoanoa e hiki ai i ka paipu ke kū i ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o loko, e hoʻonui ana i ka helu kaomi o ka pipeline a me ka hiki.
b. ʻO ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi: Hāʻawi nā paia mānoanoa i ka pale ʻana i nā ukana o waho, e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lepo, ka hana seismic, a me nā hopena ulia, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka paipu.
c. Nā hiʻohiʻona kahe: ʻO ke anawaena o loko o ka paipu, e pili pono ana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia, pili i nā kahe kahe, ka hāʻule o ke kaomi, a me ka pono hydraulic holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana pipeline.
d. Kū'ē Kū'ē: Ma kekahi mau kaiapuni, hiki i ka pā mānoanoa ke hāʻawi i kahi alana mea hou no ka corrosion ma luna o ke ola lawelawe o ka pipeline, e hoʻonui i kona lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi.
Pono mānoanoa o ka pā i nā noi kiʻekiʻe
Ma nā noi kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā paipu o waho a i ʻole nā pipeline e lawe ana i nā wai i kaomi nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mānoanoa pā o ka paipu laina API 5L X52. Pono pinepine kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā paia mānoanoa e hōʻoia i ka hiki i ka paipu ke kū i nā piʻi kiʻekiʻe o loko a me nā haʻahaʻa o waho i loaʻa i ia mau kaiapuni.
Hāʻawi ka API 5L i nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ke koho ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i nā noi kiʻekiʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e like me ke kaomi hana ʻae ʻia (MAOP), nā kumu hoʻolālā, a me nā palena palekana.
I kekahi mau hihia, koi ʻia nā māka paipu kūikawā a i ʻole nā mea waiwai e hoʻokō i nā koi mānoanoa paʻa paʻa no nā noi kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai e mālama mau ana i nā pae kūpono o ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī haʻi.
API 5L X52 Paipu Manufacturers
Hāʻawi ʻo LONGMA GROUP ma mua o hoʻokahi huahana. Hāʻawi mākou i nā hāʻina piha a me nā lawelawe hana. Nā Palapala Pili: API 5L Certificate, ISO Certificate, QMS Certificate... Inā koho ʻoe i kāu mau mea hana paipu X52, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou ma info@longma-group.com.
I ka wā e loaʻa ai API 5L X52 paipu, he mea nui e hui pū me nā mea hana kaulana e pili ana i nā kūlana ʻoihana a me nā protocol hōʻoia maikaʻi. He mea hilinaʻi ʻo LONGMA GROUP i nā hāʻina paipu, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o nā māka, me ka X52, a me nā lawelawe hana piha.
Ma ka hui pū ʻana me kahi mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi e like me LONGMA GROUP, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka nui o ka paipu, ka mānoanoa o ka paia, a me nā kikoʻī e hoʻokō i nā koi o kāu papahana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana ʻana o ka pipeline palekana.
