Nā waiwai a me ka weldability:
API 5L X80 paipu ʻO ka weldability kahi holomua nui i ka ʻenehana pipeline, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hui maikaʻi o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano o ka paipu e ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 555 MPa (80,000 psi) a me kahi pae ikaika tensile o 625-825 MPa. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka hui kemika i ka nui o ke kalapona (≤0.12%), manganese (≤1.85%), a me nā mea micro-alloying e like me ka niobium, vanadium, a me ka titanium, e kōkua ana i kāna mau waiwai mechanical.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka weldability o ka paipu X80 e kāna waiwai like carbon (CE), ka mea maʻamau mai 0.43 a 0.45. Hōʻike maʻamau nā helu CE haʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka weldability. Loaʻa ka waiwai i kāna mau waiwai ma o ka thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP), ka hopena i kahi microstructure maikaʻi i loaʻa i ka acicular ferrite a me ka bainite. Hāʻawi kēia microstructure i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, akā pono ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana wili e mālama i kēia mau waiwai i ka hui welded. I ka wā wili, hoʻololi ka mea i nā microstructural koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela (HAZ). Aia ka paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī kūpono i kēia ʻāina me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika i koi ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana ka nui o ka hoʻoluʻu i ka wā welding i ka microstructure hope a me nā waiwai mechanical. Pono e mālama ʻia ka maʻamau maʻamau ma waena o 800°C a me 500°C (t8/5) ma waena o 10 a me 30 kekona no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai maikaʻi loa.
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Kaʻina wiliwili:
Ua puka mai ʻo Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) ma ke ʻano he ala maikaʻi loa no ka wili API 5L X80 paipu, ʻoi aku ma nā polokalamu ʻakomi. Hāʻawi kēia kaʻina hana i nā pono he nui, me ka nui o ka deposition kiʻekiʻe, ke komo maikaʻi, a me ka mana maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻokomo wela. Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana GMAW hou i nā kumu mana maʻalahi e hiki ke hoʻomalu i ke ʻano hoʻoili metala, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maikaʻi weld mau.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā apo kākoʻo keleawe kūloko a i ʻole nā pūnaewele wili kūloko i lilo i hana maʻamau no nā paipu me nā anawaena ma mua o 24 iniha. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano kākoʻo i nā pono he nui, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka root pass a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wikiwiki wili. Hana ʻia ke apo keleawe kūloko e like me ka wela a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ke ahi ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka geometry aʻa kūpono. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana kuʻi kūloko, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, hāʻawi i ka pono o ka hui pū ʻana o loko a me waho, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka huahana. Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei nā ʻano hana kuʻi ʻana e like me ke kuʻi haiki a me ka uea tandem GMAW. Hiki i kēia mau ala ke hoʻonui i ka huahana a hiki i ka 30% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻenehana ākea haiki e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka weld metala e pono ai, a laila e hōʻemi i ka distortion a me nā koena koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻo Tandem wire GMAW i ʻelua mau uila uila i loko o ka lama hoʻokahi, e pāpālua pono i ka helu deposition me ka mālama ʻana i ka mana maikaʻi ma luna o ka wai weld.
Nā palena wiliwili:
Nā palena wili no API 5L X80 paipu pono e mālama pono ʻia i mea e loaʻa ai nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻokomo wela maʻamau mai ka 0.5 a 2.0 kJ/mm, me nā waiwai haʻahaʻa i makemake ʻia no nā noi koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka huakaʻi mai 250 a 400 mm/min no nā ʻōnaehana automated, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻokoʻa kēia ma muli o ke noi kikoʻī a me ka hoʻolālā hui. Pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana interpass ma lalo o 200 ° C no ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa a hōʻoia i nā waiwai mechanical kūpono.
Hoʻopilikia nui nā kūlana kaiapuni i nā ʻāpana wili. Ma nā ʻāina mauna, kahi e loli nui ai ka mahana, pono paha ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i mea e pale ai i ka pohā anu. ʻO nā kaiapuni wao nahele he mau pilikia e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka makani a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka wela, aʻo nā wahi glacier e pono e noʻonoʻo kūikawā no ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa. Pono nā noi o waho e helu i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa a me ka pale corrosion. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho kemika uwea no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai mechanical kūpono. Loaʻa i nā metala hoʻopiha maʻamau ka nui o ka nickel a me ka molybdenum e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hui kinoea pale, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka argon me 15-25% CO2, he hana koʻikoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke komo kūpono a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka spatter. Mai ka 15 a i ka 20 L/min, ʻoiai pono paha kēia e hoʻololi e pili ana i nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka wela (HAZ):
ʻO ka HAZ ma API 5L X80 paipu hōʻike nā welds i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa me nā microstructure a me nā waiwai like ʻole. Hōʻike maʻamau ka HAZ (CGHAZ) coarse-grained e pili ana i ka laina hui i nā loli koʻikoʻi, me ka nui o ka palaoa hiki ke hiki i 100 μm a i ʻole ka nui. Hōʻike pinepine kēia ʻāina i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mea kumu a koi pono i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana wili e hōʻemi i kona nui.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi e hiki nō i ka HAZ (FGHAZ) a me ka HAZ intercritical (ICHAZ) ke hōʻike i nā pilikia. ʻO ka FGHAZ, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ikaika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea kumu. Hiki i ka ICHAZ, ʻoi loa i nā welds multi-pass, ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻāpana brittle kūloko ma muli o ka reaustenitization hapa i ka wā e hele ai. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā kaʻina hana wiliwili o kēia wā i nā ʻenehana e like me ka temper bead welding e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēia mau wahi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau waiwai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina microstructural ʻo ka HAZ maʻamau i loaʻa nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka martensite, bainite, a me ka ferrite, e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapuni wela kūloko. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui martensite-austenite (MA) i ka HAZ hiki ke hōʻeha nui i ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā helu hoʻoluʻu ma o ka hoʻokele hoʻokomo wela kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela interpass he mea pono no ka hōʻemi ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke hōʻino.
API 5L X80 Paipu no ke kuai:
LONGMA GROUP kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i ka paipu API 5L X80 e like me nā kikoʻī PSL1 a me PSL2. Loaʻa kā lākou huahana i nā hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka mīkini piha a me ka hoʻokolokolo non-destructive, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana honua. Hoʻokomo ke kaʻina hana hana i ka ʻenehana TMCP kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i nā pono mechanical pono ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka weldability maikaʻi loa. Inā ʻoe e koho i kāu nā mea hana paipu api 5l x80, e hoʻokipa iā mākou ma info@longma-group.com.
